Men's ProMulti How It Works References

Prostate and Bladder function 

• NHS UK: Benign prostate enlargement - NHS (www.nhs.uk)
• Bortnick E, Brown C, Simma-Chiang V.and  Kaplan SA. (2020) Modern best practice in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia in the elderly - PMC (nih.gov). Ther Adv Urol ;12:1756287220929486.
• Up to Date Epidemiology and pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia - UpToDate

Nettle

• Safarinejad,MR. (2005) Urtica dioica for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study - PubMed (nih.gov);5 (4):1-11.
• Men,C. et al. (2016) (PDF) The efficacy and safety of Urtica dioica in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (researchgate.net); 13 (2):143-150
• Kulktur S. (2007) Medicinal plants used in Kirklareli Province (Turkey) - PubMed (nih.gov). J Ethnopharmacol; 111: 341–64. 
• Rodriguez-Fragoso, L. et al. (2008) Risks and benefits of commonly used herbal medicines in Mexico - ScienceDirect. Toxicol App Pharmacol; 227 (1): 125–35. 

Semwal P. et al. (2023). The medicinal chemistry of Urtica dioica L.: from preliminary evidence to clinical studies supporting its neuroprotective activity - PubMed (nih.gov). Nat Prod Bioprospect; 13(1):16.  

Pumpkin seed extract studies

• Vahlensieck, W.et al. (2022). Beneficial effects of pumpkin seed soft extract on lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a meta-analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials over 12 months | Clinical Phytoscience (springer.com). Clinical Phytoscience, 8(1), p.13.
• Wertz, K. Silner, U. and Goralczyk, R. (2004) Lycopene: modes of action to promote prostate health - PubMed (nih.gov) .Arch Biochem Biophys;430 (1):127-34. 
• Ninčević Grassino A. et al (2023)
• Carotenoid Content and Profiles of Pumpkin Products and By-Products - PMC (nih.gov). Molecules;28(2):858.

Beta-sitosterol

• Wilt T, et al.(2000) Beta‐sitosterols for benign prostatic hyperplasia - PMC (nih.gov). Cochrane Database Syst Rev;1999(2):CD001043.
• Ooi, SL and Pak (2017) Serenoa repens for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Current Evidence and Its Clinical Implications in Naturopathic Medicine - PubMed (nih.gov).J Altern Complement Med; 23(8):599-606.

Normal testosterone, fertility and libido 

Panax ginseng

• Ahmadi, S.et al. (2016) Antioxidant supplements and semen parameters: An evidence based review - PubMed (nih.gov). Int J Reprod Biomed; 14 (12):729-736.
• Su, Liang. et al. (2022) Effect of Antioxidants on Sperm Quality Parameters in Subfertile Men: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials - PubMed (nih.gov) .Adv Nutr;13 (2):586-594. 
• Rajabian A, Rameshrad M. and Hosseinzadeh H. (2019) Therapeutic potential of Panax ginseng and its constituents, ginsenosides and gintonin, in neurological and neurodegenerative disorders: a patent review - PubMed (nih.gov); 29(1):55-72.
• Park JY.(2023) Panax ginseng C.A. meyer alleviates benign prostatic hyperplasia while preventing finasteride-induced side effects - PMC (nih.gov). Front Pharmacol;14:1039622.
• Ru W. et al. (2015). Chemical constituents and bioactivities of Panax ginseng (C. A. Mey.) - PubMed (nih.gov). Drug Discov Ther;9(1):23-32.
• Jia,L. and Zhao, Y. (2009) Current Evaluation of the Millennium Phytomedicine- Ginseng (I): Etymology, Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Market and Regulations | Bentham Science (eurekaselect.com); 16(19):p  2475-2484.

L-Arginine

• Garolla A. et al. (2020). Dietary Supplements for Male Infertility: A Critical Evaluation of Their Composition - PMC (nih.gov). Nutrients;12(5):1472. 
• Clemmensen C. (2013) Oral L-arginine stimulates GLP-1 secretion to improve glucose tolerance in male mice - PubMed (nih.gov); 154(11):3978-83.
• Rhim HC, et al. (2020). The Potential Role of Arginine Supplements on Erectile Dysfunction: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis - PubMed (nih.gov). J Sex Med. 2019 Feb;16(2):223-234.  

Ashwagandha

• Lopresti AL, Drummond PD. and Smith SJ. (2019) A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study Examining the Hormonal and Vitality Effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in Aging, Overweight Males - Adrian L. Lopresti, Peter D. Drummond, Stephen J. Smith, 2019 (sagepub.com). American Journal of Men’s Health;13(2).
• Chauhan,S. Srivastava,MK. And Pathak, AK. (2022) Effect of standardized root extract of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on well-being and sexual performance in adult males: A randomized controlled trial. Health Science Reports;5 (4):
• Malviya N. et al.(2016). A review of the potential of medicinal plants in the management and treatment of male sexual dysfunction - PubMed (nih.gov). Andrologia; 48(8): 880-893.
• Ambiye, V. R.,et al. (2013) Clinical Evaluation of the Spermatogenic Activity of the Root Extract of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in Oligospermic Males: A Pilot Study - PubMed (nih.gov). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2013:2013:571420.
• Verma, N et al. (2021) Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, study in Healthy Volunteers - PubMed (nih.gov). Complement Ther Med;57:102642.  

Maca

• Dording, CM. et al.(2008). A double-blind, randomized, pilot dose-finding study of maca root (L. meyenii) for the management of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction - PubMed (nih.gov). CNS Neurosci Ther; 14(3):182-91. 
• Leiva-Revilla, J. et al. (2022). First study of in vitro protective effect of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on frozen-thawed bovine spermatozoa - PubMed (nih.gov). Vet World. Jun;15(6):1481-1488.
• Shin, BC. et al.(2010)  Maca (L. meyenii) for improving sexual function: a systematic review - PMC (nih.gov). BMC Complement Altern Med;10:44.
• Gonzales-Arimborgo C. et al (2016) Acceptability, Safety, and Efficacy of Oral Administration of Extracts of Black or Red Maca (Lepidium meyenii) in Adult Human Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study - PubMed (nih.gov). Pharmaceuticals (Basel); 9(3):49.

Stamina, Muscle mass and Cardiovascular (beetroot) 

• Chen L. et a (2021). Beetroot as a functional food with huge health benefits: Antioxidant, antitumor, physical function, and chronic metabolomics activity - PubMed (nih.gov). Food Sci Nutr ;9(11):6406-6420. 
• Bordonie, N. et al. (2023) Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances heavy load carriage performance in military cadets - PubMed (nih.gov). Eur J Appl Physiol;123 (1):91-102.
• Domínguez R,et al. (2017). Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Athletes. A Systematic Review - PubMed (nih.gov). Nutrients;9(1):43.
• Hadipour E. (2020). Biological effects of red beetroot and betalains: A review. Phytother Res;34(8):1847-1867. Plant Betalains: Safety, Antioxidant Activity, Clinical Efficacy, and Bioavailability - Khan - 2016 - Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety - Wiley Online Library
• Wankhede, S. et al. (2015) Examining the effect of Withania somnifera supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: a randomized controlled trial - PubMed (nih.gov). J Int Soc Sports Nutr;12:43 

Cardiovascular 

Vitamin B1

• Cabral CE, Klein MRST. (2017) Phytosterols in the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases - PMC (nih.gov). Arq Bras Cardiol;109(5):475-482 

Healthy macronutrient metabolism and normal glucose

• Pi, M. and Quarles, L. (2012) Multiligand specificity and wide tissue expression of GPRC6A reveals new endocrine        networks -   PubMed (nih.gov). Endocrinology;153(5): 2062-2069.

Inositol

• Agostini, R. Rossi. F. and Pajalich, R. (2006) Myoinositol/folic acid combination for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes men: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study - PubMed (nih.gov). Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci;10 (5):247-50.
• López-Gambero AJ, et al. (2020). The Biomedical Uses of Inositols: A Nutraceutical Approach to Metabolic Dysfunction in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases - PMC (nih.gov). Biomedicines;8(9):295.

Immune system and antioxidant support

• Rao AV. and Agarwal S. (2000)  Role of Antioxidant Lycopene in Cancer and Heart Disease: Journal of the American College of Nutrition: Vol 19, No 5 (tandfonline.com); 19(5):563-9. 

Ashwagandha and quality of sleep

• Langade, D., et al. (2020). Clinical evaluation of the pharmacological impact of ashwagandha root extract on sleep in healthy volunteers and insomnia patients: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study - PubMed (nih.gov). Journal of Ethnopharmacology: 264:113276.