NLP, or neurolinguistic programming, was developed in the 1970s by Richard Bandler and John Grinder. They studied the connection between neurological processes, language and behavioural patterns. They proposed that, through NLP, changing patterns of thinking and language could change emotional and behavioural outcomes.
NLP is not a therapy in the clinical sense and is not hypnosis, although there are some overlaps between the two. It is better understood as a framework of techniques and models, some of which have been adopted into mainstream approaches such as CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy).
One of the core claims of classic NLP is that people have a dominant 'preferred representational system', meaning they process the world primarily through sight, sound or physical sensation (visual/auditory/kinaesthetic) and that matching communication to this preference improves outcomes. This has been tested repeatedly and has not held up.¹
A 2012 systematic review evaluating NLP’s effects on health-related outcomes concluded that there was little evidence that NLP interventions improved those outcomes.² The theoretical and neuroscience grounding behind NLP is generally considered thin, which is why the term 'pseudoscience' gets attached to it: a practice that mimics the form of science without its substance.³
That said, not every review is purely negative. Some report mixed findings, noting that whilst NLP-based interventions may create a positive experience for the client, the underlying mechanisms behind why they work aren’t yet fully established. A 2019 paper titled ‘The evidence for NLP’ takes a cautiously positive stance on specific applications, particularly in a workplace or coaching context, though it stops short of endorsing NLP for health outcomes.⁴˒⁵
The strongest evidence comes not from NLP as a whole, but from techniques that share its conceptual roots, such as anchoring, reframing and state management. These show some benefits for anxiety and stress management specifically. EMDR, a recognised treatment for PTSD, also shares some conceptual roots with NLP.⁶
The core idea is that the same situation can feel completely different depending on the 'frame' placed around it, meaning you change how you interpret an event rather than changing the event itself. For example, “this deadline is overwhelming” becomes “this deadline is evidence that my skills are in demand”. The facts haven’t changed, only the meaning attached to them.
There are two common types in NLP terms:
The idea behind anchoring is that a specific stimulus, such as a touch, a gesture, a word or a sound, can be deliberately linked to a particular emotional state, so that triggering the stimulus later recreates that feeling. In practice, this might involve vividly recalling a moment of confidence and, at the peak of that feeling, pressing thumb and finger together to create the 'anchor'. The idea is that repeating that same gesture later can help recall the feeling of confidence in a genuinely stressful situation, such as a job interview.
This technique aims to replace an unwanted automatic response, whether a habit or a trigger reaction, with a more desired one. It typically works as follows:
Psychological techniques and nutritional support work on different levels, and neither replaces the other, NLP addresses patterns of thinking and response, whereas nutrition addresses underlying physiological factors such as cortisol regulation, nervous system function, neurotransmitter production and gut health. Both areas matter.
There is currently no statutory licensing body for NLP in the UK. The ANLP (Association for NLP) is a voluntary, self-regulatory body that provides guidance and professional standards, although it doesn’t train practitioners directly. It accredits trainers and courses and offers membership to practitioners and trainers under a code of ethics with a complaint procedure. Other membership bodies exist as well, and you may see these referenced elsewhere.
A note on due diligence: whether booking an NLP practitioner, a Nutritionist or any practitioner in the alternative health space, always carry out your own checks before committing.
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